Posted by: charlenecroft | February 5, 2008

More autism and evolution theory (with research review)

So, to summarize my theory on autism, I believe that Autism is the next step in human brain evolution, one which is not entirely random or based on “natural selection”, but is being nurtured by the widespread use of chemicals in our enviroment.

Laugh at me if you will… but at least follow me through some of the finer points that have led me to this belief. 

First of all, recent information has emerged suggesting (finally) that us humans haven’t stopped evolving.  It seems absurd to me that such a statement is a new idea… but there it is.  Not only have we not stopped evolving, but this evolution (changing of genes) may be responsible for a number of the modern diseases and mental health issues that plague our stressed health care system today.

Researchers are pointing to things like music, diet, even plate tectonics.  Our genes are mutating and adapting at an astonishing rate, partiularly in the area of our brains… their size and complexity:

“In 2005, University of Chicago geneticist Bruce Lahn reported that two “new” gene variations involved in brain size and complexity are still a work in progress. One emerged about 37,000 years ago and is now present in 70 per cent of humans; the other, only 5,800 years old, has spread to 30 per cent.”

Now, we know that Autistics have bigger brains, and that their brains work differently than most of us, particularly in their left/right brain functioning

We also know that Autistics are genetically different than the rest of us, and a new study suggests that not all of those genetic differences are being inherited… some are occuring “randomly”:

“In most cases, the abnormality on the chromosome was not inherited from a parent but occurred de novo, happening during embryonic development. This means the chances of having another child with autism may be closer to 5 percent, as opposed to 50 percent if the abnormality was inherited, the researchers explained.”

In fact, the same study claims to have found one of the genetic differences for 1% of the whole Autism population.

There have also been studies which suggest that the chemicals in our everyday environment are altering our genesA 2005 article from Duke University explains how:

“These startling scientific discoveries illuminate the emerging field of epigenetics, in which single nutrients, toxins, behaviors or environmental exposures of any sort can silence or activate a gene without altering its genetic code in any way. Rather, the environmental exposure triggers a chemical change in the body or brain that mobilizes a group of molecules – called a methyl group. The methyl group attaches to the control segment of a gene and either silences – or alternately activates – the gene. Either way, the gene veers off its intended course of activity.”

And we also know that children are the most susceptible to environmental toxins.

Funny thing, on the weekend I was talking to a friend of mine who is a hairdresser about shampoo.  She noted that baby shampoo is the worst for chemical additives and alkalines.  Then, serendipitously, a study emerges in the headlines yesterday about the potential danger of baby products like powders, shampoo and lotions because of the presence of phthalates.  So this morning I googled autism and phthalates and got 12,800 hits, including this little gem by Donna Williams.

So, here we have a product (baby shampoo) being directly applied to the permeable heads of our infants, to make them smell like a baby…

Now, it seems to me that baby products causing autism, is about as likely as the MMR vaccine being the single environmental trigger for autism gene activation… A notion that I hope we can finally stop pouring millions of dollars of research into after yet another study finds no reliable link between the two.  However the specific link between baby products, phthalates and autism is something that warrants new research directions… Not only that, but a possible class-action suit against Johnson and Johnson could be fun.  And if the new TV series Eli Stone is to be believed, parents of children with autism can win hail mary lawsuits if they play on the heartstrings of juries.

So… to tie this all together…

Chemicals alter genes, our genes alter our brains in size and comlexity, and people with autism have different genes and brains than those without it.  The rate of autism is so high now (and increasing by most accounts) that, unless we are facing a birth rate crisis in the next 50-100 years, the selective traits of autism genes related to brain functioning (visual learning, sensory sensitivity, literal language comprehension, difficulty reading social cues, diffuculty with face-to-face interaction) are going to become more and more predominant in the general population. 

Interesting that all of these traits are highlighted as problems with computer-mediated communication as well.

In any case, this is one serious crackpot theory :)

    


Responses

  1. “Interesting that all of these traits are highlighted as problems with computer-mediated communication as well.”

    So maybe my deleting Facebook is me rejecting my autistic tendencies?

    But in all seriousness, I do think you’re on to something, Charlene. For the past year or two I have been wondering about a possible explanation for the recent increase in mental illnesses (which supposedly 2 million Canadians have, which is about 6-7% of us). And I like that you have your sources cited there in highlights. I’ll have to look into this further…

    And I agree with your point on the funding of useless inconclusive studies. Waste of money. Myyyyy brilliant suggestion based on all my research (:P) would be to set up appropriate support systems with it (such as having that Autism Team for more than 10 people, par exemple).

    Anywho, thems mah two cents.

  2. Certainly something to think about!

  3. So I was reading something you had written on another blog or online site dealie, where you were asking “what is normal”, etc. And I was discussing with someone who just finished up her honours in Social Anthropology at Dal about the “mental norm” – we were comparing our Obsessive-Compulsive and Autistic tendencies, and also just talking about the various medical conditions we all have (I myself do not fit into the “health norm” as I have Crohn’s Disease). Aaaaaanywho, I was also talking to someone about how 50% of Canadians (officially) suffer from a disability, e.g. Crohn’s, autism, ADHD, Caffeine Dependency Syndrome, or whatever-the-hell.

    So I guess, to add on to what you’re saying… what the hell IS the norm? Can we actually claim that there’s a “health” or “cognitive” norm when everyone’s got some sort of mental, physical, or social disease/disorder/disability/syndrome? If anything, it’s more normal to have something “wrong” with you. Before you know it, people who are “in the picture of health” will be the ones being ostracized for being abnormally “healthy”. You’ll see. I’ll make it happen. Cuz seriously… this whole idea of “the norm” is kinda ridiculous to me. And I think that’s an opinion that I can back up with statistics. :P

    Just a thought. See ya ’round!
    :D anno

  4. Hi,

    Please consider visiting http://www.neoteny.org/?cat=7 to review a unique and unorthodox theory for the cause of autism. This is an evolutionary explanation, but somewhat different than what you are suggesting.

    Thank you,

    Andrew Lehman

  5. So test your hypothesis. Gather data on older autistics, or autistics that have at least reached reproductive age. If autism is increasing because of evolution then autistics will reproduce more than normal people.

    • I think that I’d like to see more studies done implementing the BAPQ (Broad Autistic Phenotype Questionnaire)

      If I had the funding… you bet I would be trying to test this hypothesis!

  6. I’m HFA, altho I dislike the terminology that I “have” asperger’s, and prefer that I “am” autistic. It’s not a disease, and maybe we’d make better progress in helping people if we stopped gearing our treatments towards “normalising” and instead encouraged acceptance of our nature.

    I’ve been thinking a lot about whether or not autism is evolution in action, and in all the arguements I’ve been reading there’s one major flaw. I’ve heard so many reasons why it can’t be, but the problem is that we’ve never observed evolution in action in this way before. We have our theories about what must happen and how, but we really don’t know. We can’t dismiss it simply because it does not match the list we made up.

    • Thanks for that comment Irvy… I have heard and read the opposite in terms of preferred terminologies… but I hear what you are saying… “having autism” implies the rhetoric of disease. But the phrase “is autistic” implies a distinction of the other as well… that is, you are not like a regular human, you are autistic… The phrasing I have been starting to use is “on the Autism Spectrum” or “having an autistic perspective” I try as much as I can to stay away from the word Disorder…
      Though they might seem trivial, these are very important considerations for the framing of autism in the public sense… an example of how language and grammar shapes the discourse around the topic.

  7. Hi, This is so interesting. Iv was just sitting here watching my 4 yr old (ASD) High functioning – Low functioning..WHATEVER, playing with his TTEngines all lined up on the window frame. He is reciting every single word from the TV programe he has seen so many times. He is so happy. I was wondering about evolution (as you do lol) and it just seemed clear to me. The world is a place where everyone complains that its not like the days of old, that were always so much better. Ways in which people have communicated and lived alongside each other have changed all the time through the course of Human evolution, I dont accept that my son is just some kind of mainstream rightoff and I think he deffinatly has the right Idea when it comes to many stresses and strains of our normal everyday, boring existance. To me he is something very special and the next step on the evolutionary track of man kind is what im going with. He’s not abnormal he is something the Norms of this world are too scared to try and understand.. It just might upset the status quo.

  8. I just came to the realization the other day while listening to a talk show about autism on the radio that autism could been part of evolution. They were talking about using robots to help autistic children with their socialization skills. I agree with you that environmental factors could be causing this. I would like to add that I believe that the advent of technology in the form of TV and now computers is affecting our brains and autism is a result of adaptation to this.

  9. What is interesting to me, after reviewing this article and its responses, is how detached and inhumane most of this blogging seems. Are we exemplifying the issues with computer-mediated communication on this chain?

    People who manage a PDD can expect allot of doubt, sadness and misunderstanding. I find it fascinating that we can even consider autism as an evolutionary step. The disturbances can so dramatically outweigh the possibilities for all involved. I wish I could replay every dirty look, misguided piece of advice and off handed remark as evidence. Or just search the internet for autism cures, if you have a couple of days. Maybe it’s fortunate that these misgivings are not retrievable even if the effect can be long lasting.

    The most successful and enlightening science is practiced when it is tempered with a sense of balance for nature and humanity. Evolutionarily or psychiatrically speaking, I can not see how PDD’s are not primarily acknowledged as being disorder. Living with, or with a person, who has a PDD will always be a challenge. A challenge that most “normally functioning” people would have a hard time relating to, let alone living with.

    Most tragically, PDD’s are inheritantly linked with childhood. These are people with few rights and low level of acceptance when normally abled. The people who are “on the spectrum” start life in communities that they can rarely relate too and this distortion can be raised to a level where the original message is unrecognizable to the most discerned observer. Whatever their place on the spectrum, each person carves their own path in negotiating their way through their own communication maze. Which in itself, can lead down a path that is unique and potentially isolating. How a message is received has little to do with how it got to any point of recognition . From my perspective, I see this explosion of reported PDD more a process of devolution than evolution. Whatever the cause, these are our children who all have something to say. Our social circles now need to identify how they are going to interpret their messages.

  10. Hi there Tom,

    Thank you for your considered response. I find your choice of the word “inhumane” as interesting.

    Perhaps it does smack of a little too much “tooth and claw” but I sort of object to the notion that this makes it somehow lacking in empathy for the individual with ASD.

    Further, to comment on the “disturbances” associated with ASD is problematic for me. I think that we should take every step to minimize the physical disturbances associated with ASD (the gastro-intestinal issues, the headaches, all of the symptoms which can be treated biomedically)… but, I tend to believe that even when these symptoms are treated… we are still left with this thing called autism…

    The “disturbances” that are left… the perception “disturbances” (awkward social interaction, the sensory filtering) and the behavioural “disturbances” (the stimming, the flapping, the vocalizing) are only disturbances because they don’t fit the current model of “normal”. The behaviours themselves are not necessarily disturbing… but from the ideas in people’s heads about why that behaviour is “disturbing” and abnormal…

    So, for example… take a “disturbance” like screaming… first of all, you have to accept that if someone with ASD is screaming… there is a reason for it… just because we can not identify the reason for the screaming… that doesn’t mean that there isn’t one.

    People with ASD experience levels of sadness and loneliness because of other peoples reactions to their “disturbances” because they violate the “rules” of social interaction among normal people. But as a secular society we are continually trying to adapt to and allow for other people’s cultural practices and traditions.

    My youngest son greets/identifies people by smelling them. No big deal in my mind. Just as it’s no big deal for a dog to use smell to greet/identify someone… Just as it’s no big deal for someone from England to shake my hand and someone from France to kiss my cheeks… But, until I explain to the people that Izaak is smelling, that this is what he is doing… it is perhaps a little odd… once I explain that this is what he is doing… then its better understood and less likely to be judged negatively. If my son is allowed the freedom to explore and interact with the world in the ways that he can… he will feel much more empowered and able to do so… much more comfortable to do so… and perhaps less stigmatized for those uncontrollable aspects of his ASD.

    In terms of ASD as being an example of devolution vs. evolution… I think that in order to accept evolution as a model… you have to accept that evolutionary paths do not make value judgments on the paths that are being carved out… therefore, the concept of devolution is one that can only ever exist in the social one… whether or not we agree with the implications of the progression does not change the direction of it…

    Evolution is a genetic response to the environment… if you don’t like the answer that you are getting… then its time to change the conditions of the environment.

    My proposition is that Autism is the answer to our highly toxic, rational, individualized, specialized, over-stimulating environment. For good or bad it evolved for a reason… it is our jobs now to figure out what that reason is and whether it will be to our benefit or detriment to keep reproducing the environmental conditions… and thus the genetic expressions of those conditions.

    To date, there is no indication that we are going to be making any of those major changes, and continue to perpetuate a highly toxic, rational, individualized, specialized, over-stimulating environment…

    Therefore, we need to start adapting this environment towards accommodating the “disturbances” in autism which cannot be “treated” biomedically, or conditioned out of people with ASD.

    Whether or not we agree that we should be trying to eliminate autism will not eliminate the fact that it is here now… and since it is our society which caused it… it is our society which should be taking every step to adapt to it and accommodate it.

  11. I think that it is evolution in motion based not on chemicals but on the technology world we live in. It’s our DNA seeing the pressure we place on our selves in the information age to adapt. This is why children of engineers and couples who work in the technology sector have the highest incidences of Autism. California removed heavy metal stabolizers from vaccines 5 years ago. Rates have continued to climb especially in Silicon Valley families. It’s not what we eat or inject. It’s genetic at the root. It’s adaptive evolution trying and most times failing to re-balance the equation. Some times is misses more than it hits and the gene sequencing done at the University of Toronto last year suggests a direct relationship between severity of impact to the patient and the amount of broken or “over written” gene sequences seen. This problem happens early in conception, not after birth. But it’s manifestation may be latent due to other common developmental phases of growth un affected by the condition.

    And keep in mind, we are seeing more and more children with “mild” PDD NOS occuring. The significance is that the adaptive process we are undergoing is getting closer to getting it right. It’s trying to produce a child with more savant skills but socially normalized (whatever definition of normal you accept) We have a 7 year old boy with PPD NOS who is in school, reading, doing math has a wrote memory, is creative and interactive and will come out the other end one hell of a blackjack player. (smile) He and his cluster of mild PDD NOS will go on to live relatively normal lives but with exceptional skills. Who knows what his off spring, should he procreate, be like. Especially if he meets and marries a girl on the spectrum but again mildly affected and socially normalized to function independently.

    We don’t view our son as having a disease. We’d never seek a “cure” that would change who he is as a person. As this is pervasive in it’s impact, it does challenge us to adapt our coping and parenting skills to see the world as he does and relate to him from his view and to better help him create a 3D reality that he can cope with. We have fewer bad days and mostly good these days. We know that’s not the case for many. But there is nothing perfect in my mind about this. Indeed, it’s genius lay in the imperfections of these complex beings. We can but embrace it and move forward, not handicapped but enhanced by the experience.

    • Thanks Douglas… what a great comment! Always happy to meet like-minded parents!


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